Phacoemulsification, often simply called "phaco," is the most common technique used to perform cataract surgery today. A phacoemulsification system uses ultrasound energy to gently break up the eye's clouded natural lens so it can be removed through a very small incision, making modern cataract surgery a fast, precise, and minimally invasive procedure.
How Phacoemulsification Works
During surgery, a small probe is inserted through a tiny incision at the edge of the cornea. The tip of this probe vibrates at ultrasonic frequency, breaking the cloudy lens (the cataract) into small fragments. These fragments are then gently suctioned out through the same probe, while a balanced fluid is simultaneously circulated to maintain the shape and pressure of the eye throughout the process. Once the natural lens has been removed, a folded artificial intraocular lens (IOL) is inserted through the same small incision and unfolds into place, restoring clear vision.
Why Small Incisions Matter
Because phacoemulsification allows the entire procedure to be performed through an incision only a few millimeters wide, it typically does not require stitches and allows for a comparatively quick visual recovery. This approach has become the standard of care for cataract surgery, replacing older techniques that required larger incisions.
What to Expect
Cataract surgery with phacoemulsification is usually performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthesia, often with light sedation, and typically takes well under an hour. Before surgery, your provider will use measurements from tests such as optical biometry to select the appropriate intraocular lens power for your eye. Your surgical team will walk you through what to expect before, during, and after the procedure, including post-operative care instructions to support healing.