A YAG laser (short for yttrium-aluminum-garnet, the crystal that generates the laser beam) is used in ophthalmology to perform two common, minimally invasive procedures: posterior capsulotomy and laser peripheral iridotomy. Both use short, precisely focused pulses of laser energy to treat specific structures inside the eye without the need for an incision.
YAG Capsulotomy
After cataract surgery, the thin membrane that holds the new intraocular lens in place — the posterior capsule — can sometimes become cloudy months or years later, a condition often called a "secondary cataract." A YAG laser is used to create a small opening in this cloudy capsule, clearing the visual pathway and restoring clear vision. The procedure is quick, performed in-office, and does not involve reopening the eye.
Laser Peripheral Iridotomy
In eyes at risk for angle-closure glaucoma, a YAG laser can be used to create a tiny opening in the peripheral iris, improving the flow of fluid within the eye and helping to prevent a sudden, sight-threatening rise in eye pressure. This procedure is typically recommended based on findings from a comprehensive eye exam that assesses the anatomy of the eye's drainage angle.
What to Expect
YAG laser procedures are performed in the office and typically take just a few minutes. Numbing drops are used beforehand, and a special contact lens may be placed on the eye to help focus the laser. Most patients experience little to no discomfort, and recovery is generally quick, though your provider will give you specific instructions and follow-up guidance based on the procedure performed.